Syria's president has blamed "outside forces" for orchestrating the conflict in his country in a rare public speech to the nation.
His first public appearance for seven months - the embattled leader appeared before cheering crowds in the capital Damascus and struck a defiant tone.
With insurgents fighting their way closer to the seat of his power, President Bashar al Assad spoke about the latest developments and "suffering" in Syria.
He said the conflict was not between the state and opposition, but the "nation and its enemies".
"We are now in a state of war in every sense of the word," he said.
"This war targets Syria using a handful of Syrians and many foreigners. Thus, this is a war to defend the nation."
"We meet today and suffering is overwhelming Syrian land. There is no place for joy while security and stability are absent on the streets of our country.
"The nation is for all, and we must all protect it," he said to rapturous applause inside a packed House of Arts and Culture.
"There are those who seek to partition Syria and weaken it. But Syria is stronger ... and will remain sovereign ... and this is what upsets the West."
Mr Assad called for a "full national mobilisation" to fight against the rebels, whom he branded "terrorists" and "murderous criminals".
While outlining proposals for what he described as a peace plan including a new constitution and amnesty, there was no suggestion of him relinquishing his power.
He asserted the government and army would continue military operations against opposItion groups.
Mr Assad said change must come through constitutional means and appealed for dialogue once the fighting had ended.
"Regional and international countries must stop funding the armed men to allow those displaced to return to their homes ... right after that our military operations will cease," he said.
They were his first public comments since he dismissed suggestions that he might go into exile to end the civil war, telling Russian television in November that he would "live and die" in Syria.
According to Sky sources, the internet in Damascus was shut down during his address - at the end of which Mr Assad needed to be ushered away by security officials when he appeared to be mobbed by jubilant supporters.
The hour-long live broadcast came as fighting between Syrian rebels and government forces continued to rage across the country.
Mr Assad's appeal for a reconciliation are likely to be rejected by opposition forces and rebels, who insist he must step down.
The 21-month uprising against Assad has become a civil war that the United Nations says has killed 60,000 people.
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